Loans Write-Offs and Recovery by Public Sector Banks, Check Data

The Public Sector Banks in India have written-off loans worth crores of rupees. Scheduled Commercial Banks (excluding Regional Rural Banks and Payment Banks) and All India Financial Institutions report certain credit information of all borrowers having aggregate exposure of Rs. 5 crore and above to the Central Repository of Information on Large Credits (CRILC). As reported in CRILC database, as on 31.3.2025, total 256 borrowers having outstanding amount of Rs. 100 crore and above across PSBs, were classified as NPAs by PSBs.

Year-wise details of non-performing assets (NPAs) which have been written-off and recovery in written-off loans, by PSBs, during the last five financial years (FY), are as under (Amounts in crore Rs.):

Financial Year	Public Sector Banks
	Written-off loans	Recovery in written-off loans
2020-21	1,33,384	24,781
2021-22	1,15,748	24,739
2022-23	1,27,238	35,378
2023-24	1,14,622	37,369
2024-25*	91,260	42,563

*provisional data for FY 2024-25

The details of gross NPAs, Slippage Ratio and Recovery Rate in written-off loans of PSBs are as under:

As on	Gross NPA Ratio (%)	Slippage Ratio (%)	Recovery Rate in written-off loans (%)
31.03.2021	9.11	2.44	18.58
31.03.2022	7.28	2.35	21.37
31.03.2023	4.97	1.38	27.80
31.03.2024	3.47	1.13	32.60
31.03.2025*	2.58	0.95	46.64

Details of NPAs written-off and recovery in written-off loans (Amounts in crore ₹)

Financial Year	Public Sector Banks – Written-off loans	Public Sector Banks – Recovery in written-off loans	Private Sector Banks – Written-off loans	Private Sector Banks – Recovery in written-off loans	Scheduled Commercial Banks – Written-off loans	Scheduled Commercial Banks – Recovery in written-off loans
2020-21	1,33,384	24,781	66,863	5,023	2,04,272	30,104
2021-22	1,15,748	24,739	53,098	8,170	1,75,178	33,534
2022-23	1,27,238	35,378	83,248	9,445	2,16,324	45,551
2023-24	1,14,622	37,369	47,403	8,078	1,70,263	46,036
2024-25*	91,260	42,563	58,430	10,835	1,57,029	54,599

*Source: RBI (provisional data for FY 2024-25)

Gross NPAs, Slippages, and Recovery Rate in written-off loans

As on	Gross NPA Ratio (%)	Slippage Ratio (%)	Recovery Rate in written-off loans (%)
31.03.2022	5.82	2.74	19.14
31.03.2023	3.87	1.78	21.06
31.03.2024	2.75	1.54	27.04
31.03.2025*	2.22	1.36	34.77

*Source: RBI (provisional data for FY 2024-25)