As per RBI data, the Public Sector Banks in India have written off loans worth Rs.5,80,550 crore in last 5 years. Total recovery in these 5 years was Rs.1,64,830 crore.
Loans Written-off by PSU Banks in last 5 years
FY
Amount (Rs.cr)
2020-21
1,31,894
2021-22
1,15,536
2022-23
1,27,238
2023-24
1,14,622
2024-25
91,260
Recovery from Written-off Loans by PSU Banks in last 5 years
FY
Amount (Rs.cr)
2020-21
24,781
2021-22
24,739
2022-23
35,378
2023-24
37,369
2024-25
42,563
Corporate Loans Written-off by PSU Banks in last 5 years
FY
Loans written-off (A)
Actual Recoveries (B)
Recovery Rate (B/A)
2020-21
90,641
31,268
34.50
2021-22
57,541
28,245
49.09
2022-23
72,108
27,030
37.49
2023-24
58,359
12,782
21.90
2024-25
39,675
7,239
18.25
The total amount outstanding with Wilful Defaulter of Rs.25 Lakh and above is Rs.3,83,26,453 lakh as of 31.03.2025. A wilful defaulter is a person or company that does not repay a loan on purpose, even though they have the ability to pay. The data is as below:
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Date
Total number of Wilful Defaulters of Rs. 25 lakh and above
Total amount outstanding with Wilful Defaulters of Rs. 25 lakh and above (Rs. Lakh)
31.3.2014
5,076
39,36,925
31.3.2015
7,574
69,80,854
31.3.2016
9,070
89,88,924
31.3.2017
9,675
1,07,66,950
31.3.2018
11,259
1,43,93,575
31.3.2019
12,140
1,93,80,637
31.3.2020
12,822
2,18,72,788
31.3.2021
13,845
2,62,25,350
31.3.2022
16,005
3,07,73,463
31.3.2023
17,968
3,60,47,191
31.3.2024
18,876
3,64,92,783
31.3.2025
18,318
3,83,26,453
If we talk about NPA in Retail segment, the gross NPAs in retail loans stood at ₹42,22,521 crore as of March 31, 2023. During this period, the ratio of gross NPAs to gross advances was 1.45%. The amount of retail loan NPAs increased in the next year. As of March 31, 2024, gross NPAs rose to ₹53,78,126 crore, but the NPA ratio declined to 1.20%, indicating improvement in asset quality. As of March 31, 2025, gross NPAs increased further to ₹60,04,228 crore, while the NPA ratio fell slightly to 1.18%. As per the provisional data for the current financial year, the gross NPAs in retail loans stood at ₹66,43,078 crore as of December 31, 2025.
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